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622| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 598–665 | [maths] | Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta uses negative numbers in mathematics, and introduces a method of approximation for calculating the sines of small angles. | | 605–647 | India [administration] | During his reign of over 40 years, King Harsha of Kanauj, on the River Ganges, brings most of northern India under his control. He is the last Indian king to rule a more than purely regional state until the 13th century. | | 605–649 | Tibet [administration] | During his 44-year reign, King Srong-btsan-Gyam-po unites the Tibetans in a powerful kingdom, annexes the area of modern Nepal, and builds himself a capital at Lhasa. For the next 200 years Tibet is the major power of central Asia. | | 622 | Spain [dictionaries and encyclopedias] | Isidore, the scholarly bishop of Seville, compiles his Originum sive etymologiarum/Etymologies, an encyclopedia of the arts and sciences, which also founds the study of etymology – the origin of words. Despite its unreliability, it remains influential throughout the Middle Ages. | | 622 | Arabia [Islam] | Faced with the opposition of the city authorities, Mohammed flees from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) where he establishes himself as a religious and political leader. His faith becomes known as Islam, the ‘submission’ to Allah, and his followers are called Muslims, ‘those who submit’. Mohammed's flight, known as the Hegira, marks the beginning of the Muslim era. | | 622–627 | Byzantine Empire, Persia, Sassanian Empire [wars] | Using the Byzantine fleet to bypass the Persian army occupying Asia Minor, the Byzantine emperor Heraclius sets out on a brilliant campaign against the Persians, penetrating as far as Hamadan. The warlike Persian king Chosroes II has retired from active campaigning and his generals are much less successful against the Byzantines. |
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