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630| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. | | 598–665 | [maths] | Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmagupta uses negative numbers in mathematics, and introduces a method of approximation for calculating the sines of small angles. | | 605–647 | India [administration] | During his reign of over 40 years, King Harsha of Kanauj, on the River Ganges, brings most of northern India under his control. He is the last Indian king to rule a more than purely regional state until the 13th century. | | 605–649 | Tibet [administration] | During his 44-year reign, King Srong-btsan-Gyam-po unites the Tibetans in a powerful kingdom, annexes the area of modern Nepal, and builds himself a capital at Lhasa. For the next 200 years Tibet is the major power of central Asia. | | 630 | Arabia [Islam] | The Arab prophet and founder of Islam, Muhammad, captures the city of Mecca (in modern Saudi Arabia) and declares its ancient pagan shrine, the Kaaba, to be the holy place of Islam. Medina (also in modern Saudi Arabia) remains his capital, however. | | 630–668 | India [law and government] | During the reign of Narasimhavarman I, the Pallava dynasty is the dominant power of southern India. After his death, the Pallava kingdom comes under pressure from the Chalukyas and goes into decline, disappearing about 900. |
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