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700 BC| c. 900 BC–c. 500 BC | Central America [everyday life] | La Venta becomes the major centre of the second phase of Olmec civilization in Mexico. The site of San Lorenzo is abandoned, possibly in a violent overthrow of the local elite, or possibly for religious reasons. La Venta is a ceremonial or elite centre, supported by a large agricultural population. It has a large main pyramid in addition to smaller ones. | | c. 700 BC | Europe [everyday life] | The Iron Age starts in much of Europe. (In Greece it began much earlier, about 1050 BC, and in Italy about 900 BC. In Britain it is later, about 650 BC.) | | c. 700 BC | Greece [ships and shipping] | The Greeks develop the bireme, a galley about 24 m/80 ft long with two banks of oars staggered on either side of the vessel. | | c. 700 BC | Greece [tools] | Oil lamps appear in Greece, replacing torches. The Greeks also invent the fibula (safety-pin), although the idea is lost after the fall of the Roman Empire. | | c. 700 BC | Egypt, Babylon, Neo-Assyrian Empire [wars] | The rulers of the old civilizations, Egypt, Babylon, and Assyria, spend much of this period warring amongst themselves and so fail to appreciate the threat presented by new powers of different races, such as the Cimmerians, Scythians, Phrygians, Medes, Lydians, and Ionian Greeks. | | c. 700 BC | Neo-Assyrian Empire, Palestine [wars] | The Assyrian king Sennacherib continues his campaign in Palestine and besieges Jerusalem. Hezekiah, King of Judah, with the prophet Isaiah's moral support, defies the Assyrians and successfully repulses them. Although he has to pay considerable tribute to Sennacherib, Judah remains independent. Sennacherib lists the booty stolen from Jerusalem and taken to his capital, Nineveh, on what has become known as the Rassam cylinder, named after the 19th-century archaeologist who found it, Hormuzd Rassam. |
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