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7000 BC| c. 10000 BC–c. 7000 BC | Europe [hunting] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in northern Europe. It is a food-gathering way of life, based on fishing and fowling rather than wide-range hunting; and it is adapted to new conditions, either a forest or a waterside environment, with humans forced to the periphery by the all-pervading forest. Economically and materially it is to some extent a retrograde step from the easy hunting days of the Palaeolithic Age. The ‘kitchen midden’ sites (as on the Danish coast) show people living close to or on top of a huge dump of the discarded remains of shellfish. | | c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 7000 BC | North Africa [weapons] | The bow and arrow are developed in North Africa, probably to facilitate hunting in dense woodland. | | c. 7000 BC | Greece [ships and shipping] | Navigation of the open sea begins. Greek seafarers ship obsidian 121 km/75 mi from the island of Melos to the Franchthi cave on the gulf of Argolis in Greece. | | c. 7000 BC | Asia Minor [animal husbandry] | The earliest known domesticated pigs are kept at the village site of Cayonu, Asia Minor. | | c. 7000 BC | Europe, Asia [ceramics] | The first pottery is made, in Eurasia. | | c. 7000 BC | Greece [farming] | Agriculture begins to be practised in the Aegean region. | | c. 7000 BC | world [farming] | The Neolithic or New Stone Age begins in southern Europe, Asia, north Africa, and South America. It is characterized by polished stone tools, settlement in permanent villages, a more complex social structure, and the domestication of plants and animals. |
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