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30 BC| c. 400 BC–AD c. 250 | Central America [everyday life] | The Late Formative (or pre-Classic) period of Mayan culture takes place in Mexico. By 400 BC, large structures have been built at several sites in the tropical lowland jungle. In the highlands, people begin to put up large clay platforms, some the basis for temples and others for elite houses, flanking open plazas. | | c. 200 BC–AD c. 200 | South America [religion] | During this period the Nazca Lines are drawn in the desert along the south coast of Peru. These are enormous stylized outlines of animals, including a monkey, whale, spider, and hummingbird, and sets of parallel lines, some as long as 20 km/12 mi. They are believed to be a development of Chavín de Huantar art; they may have had religious significance, or they may have been connected with astronomy. | | c. 85 BC–AD c. 52 | East Asia [art] | The earliest known Chinese lacquer (found at Lak Lang in North Korea in modern times) is produced. | | 64 BC–AD c. 52 | Syria, Palestine, Seleucid Kingdom, Rome [treaties] | The Roman general Pompey the Great arrives at Antioch in Syria and dictates terms: King Antiochus XIII of Syria is deposed and the Seleucid dynasty ends. Syria becomes part of the Roman provinces. Hyrcanus II and his brother Aristobulus II, rival claimants for the Hasmonaean throne of Judaea, bring their claims before Pompey. Pompey supports the claim of Hyrcanus, but makes Palestine into a Roman province, appointing Hyrcanus as high priest of the Jews but the Idumean Antipater as governor of Roman Judaea. | | 30 BC | Palestine, Rome [economic conditions] | King Herod the Great does much for Judaea on a material level, developing its economy, re-fortifying Jerusalem and beginning the rebuilding of the temple there. By behaving as a Hellenistic monarch, however, he gains the hatred of the Jews and despite restricting his taste for grandeur he has to keep control by force. | | 30 August 30 BC | Egypt, Rome [administration] | The joint suicide of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the Roman triumvir Mark Anthony, following their defeat by the triumvir Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, brings to an end the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Egypt is subsequently annexed by Rome. | | 30 August 30 BC | Roman Empire, Egypt [births and deaths] | Mark Antony, Roman general under Julius Caesar and later triumvir 43–32 BC, ally and husband of Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, commits suicide in Alexandria, Egypt (53). | | 30 August 30 BC | Egypt [births and deaths] | Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt 51–30 BC, lover and ally of Mark Antony, commits suicide in Alexandria, Egypt (c. 39). |
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