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750 BC| c. 900 BC–c. 740 BC | Italy [everyday life] | The Iron Age Villanovan culture is spreading in Italy, named after a typical site at Villanova near Bologna. There is greater skill in metallurgy and a gradual increase in the use of iron. Cremation is practised, with ashes being placed in an urn in a round hole in the ground. One of the main areas of Villanovan culture is Etruria. | | c. 900 BC–c. 500 BC | Central America [everyday life] | La Venta becomes the major centre of the second phase of Olmec civilization in Mexico. The site of San Lorenzo is abandoned, possibly in a violent overthrow of the local elite, or possibly for religious reasons. La Venta is a ceremonial or elite centre, supported by a large agricultural population. It has a large main pyramid in addition to smaller ones. | | c. 750 BC | Greece [poetry] | The Iliad and the Odyssey, the two great epic poems ascribed to the legendary Greek poet Homer, are composed. Though written around this date, they draw on a long tradition of oral poetry dating back to at least 1000 BC. | | 750 BC | Greece [administration] | The city-state, or polis, is on the rise in Greece; it is distinguished by common gods and common law administered from a fixed place. With the political change come different military needs and the hoplite formation, heavily armed infantrymen in close order behind a wall of shields, is developed. | | c. 750 BC | Italy [architecture] | The radiating arch, where each wedge-shaped piece radiates away from its support, is developed by Etruscan architects. | | c. 750 BC | Greece [ceramics] | The Greek ‘geometric’ style of pottery gives way to an ‘orientalizing’ style, which introduces new motifs, particularly fantastic animals. |
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