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8000 BC| c. 10000 BC–c. 7000 BC | Europe [hunting] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in northern Europe. It is a food-gathering way of life, based on fishing and fowling rather than wide-range hunting; and it is adapted to new conditions, either a forest or a waterside environment, with humans forced to the periphery by the all-pervading forest. Economically and materially it is to some extent a retrograde step from the easy hunting days of the Palaeolithic Age. The ‘kitchen midden’ sites (as on the Danish coast) show people living close to or on top of a huge dump of the discarded remains of shellfish. | | c. 8000 BC | Middle East [everyday life] | After a very brief Mesolithic Age, the Neolithic or New Stone Age begins in the Middle East. This is a settled, food-producing way of life, dependent on the cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals, with people moving from struggling against nature to exploiting it for their own benefit. | | c. 8000 BC | world [statistics and demography] | The population of the world is over 5 million. | | c. 8000 BC–c. 2700 BC | Europe [tools] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in western Europe. It is characterized by the use of microliths (very small stone tools mounted on a shaft), chipped stone tools, and bone, antler, and wooden tools. Important inventions include the barbed fish-hook, harpoon, woven basket, clay cooking pot, and the comb. Some examples of these tools have been found at Star Carr in Yorkshire, England. | | c. 8000 BC | Middle East [animal husbandry] | Cattle are domesticated in the Middle East, probably from the wild ox Bos taurus. | | c. 8000 BC | Europe [conservation] | The woolly mammoth becomes extinct in Europe, possibly due to overhunting. | | c. 8000 BC | Syria [farming] | Domesticated wheat is grown at Tell Mureybit on the River Euphrates, Syria. |
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