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829 BC| c. 900 BC–c. 740 BC | Italy [everyday life] | The Iron Age Villanovan culture is spreading in Italy, named after a typical site at Villanova near Bologna. There is greater skill in metallurgy and a gradual increase in the use of iron. Cremation is practised, with ashes being placed in an urn in a round hole in the ground. One of the main areas of Villanovan culture is Etruria. | | c. 900 BC–c. 500 BC | Central America [everyday life] | La Venta becomes the major centre of the second phase of Olmec civilization in Mexico. The site of San Lorenzo is abandoned, possibly in a violent overthrow of the local elite, or possibly for religious reasons. La Venta is a ceremonial or elite centre, supported by a large agricultural population. It has a large main pyramid in addition to smaller ones. | | c. 900 BC–c. 800 BC | Europe [materials] | The use of iron spreads into Europe, particularly to Hallstatt (Austria). | | 879 BC–824 BC | Neo-Assyrian Empire [palaces] | The rulers Ashurnasirpal II and Shalmaneser III of Assyria build themselves palaces at Calah, Assyria, (modern Nimrud, Iraq) including outstanding features such as colossal carvings of winged bulls and reliefs showing royal lion hunts and battle scenes. The archaeologist Sir Henry Layard unearths the palaces in the 19th century AD. |
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