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9000 BC| c. 10000 BC–c. 7000 BC | Europe [hunting] | The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age begins in northern Europe. It is a food-gathering way of life, based on fishing and fowling rather than wide-range hunting; and it is adapted to new conditions, either a forest or a waterside environment, with humans forced to the periphery by the all-pervading forest. Economically and materially it is to some extent a retrograde step from the easy hunting days of the Palaeolithic Age. The ‘kitchen midden’ sites (as on the Danish coast) show people living close to or on top of a huge dump of the discarded remains of shellfish. | | c. 9000 BC | North America [conservation] | Many large Pleistocene mammals, such as the camel, mammoth, horse, giant ground sloth, and tapir, become extinct in North America, possibly due to human hunting. | | c. 9000 BC | South America [exploration] | Humans have reached the southernmost tip of South America by now, as shown by carbon-14 dating at the site of Fell's Cave in Patagonia. |
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