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1200| 1100–1532 | South America [administration] | The Inca empire dominates the Andes region of South America. Its population numbers as many as 12 million. Incan society is based on a strict hierarchy, with an emperor who rules with absolute power. Their religion is based on sun-worship, and they are skilled builders who create a system of roads and irrigation. | | 1163–1220 | France [churches and temples] | The Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France is constructed. | | c. 1200 | Central America [manufacturing] | By this period, the Aztec and Maya peoples of Central America are manufacturing and using rubber, for example to make balls for use in games and sports. | | c. 1200 | Iceland [poetry] | The Five Icelandic Sagas: The Saga of Burnt Njal/Njal's Saga; the Laxdaela/Laxdale's Saga; the Eyrbyggja, Egil's Saga/Egla; and The Saga of Grettir the Strong/Grettis Saga (legends and stories either about the deeds of the hero, or about events connected with a region) are compiled. | | c. 1200–c. 1230 | South America [political events] | Manco Capac founds the Inca state in the Cuzco Valley, Peru. |
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