Abubakar, Siddiq (1903–1988)

Nigerian leader and sultan of Sokoto 1938–88. As spiritual leader of Nigeria's Muslims he had the title of Sarkin Musulmi (‘Commander of the Faithful’). He was a highly influential figure in the political structure of the emirates of northern Nigeria, introducing such reforms as the extension of education and voting rights to women. Before independence he played a dominant part in the Northern House of Chiefs and was minister without portfolio in the regional government. After independence he refused to participate in party politics. He was known for his political and religious tolerance and his work to promote Nigeria's unity and territorial integrity.

Abubakar was born in Sokoto on the day British forces entered the city to crush resistance to colonial rule. In 1938 he succeeded his uncle Hassan as sultan.