5 April

5 April 1058	Holy Roman Empire, Italy [administration]	Following the death of Pope Stephen IX (29 March), Cardinal John Mincius is elected as Pope Benedict X by Roman nobles who had seized control of Rome, Italy.
5 April 1355	Bohemia, Papal States, Italy, Holy Roman Empire [political events]	King Charles IV of Bohemia, King of the Romans, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome, then returns immediately to Bohemia.
5 April 1513	Holy Roman Empire, England, Spain, Papal States, Italy, France, Spanish Netherlands [treaties]	The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, King Henry VIII of England, King Ferdinand II of Spain, and Pope Leo X form an alliance (the second Holy Alliance) for a joint invasion of France, by the Treaty of Mechelin. The regent of the Netherlands, Anne of Austria, declares her territories neutral.
5 April 1588	England [births and deaths]	Thomas Hobbes, major English philosopher and political theorist, whose best-known work is Leviathan (1651), born in Westport, Wiltshire, England (–1679).
5 April 1697	Sweden [administration]	On the death of Charles XI, Charles XII succeeds as king of Sweden.
5 April 1751	Sweden [political events]	King Frederick II of Sweden dies and is succeeded by Adolphus Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, his brother-in-law.
5 April 1764	America, UK [legislation]	The British Parliament passes the Sugar Act to help defray the cost of protecting Britain's expanded American empire. The act levies duties on molasses, sugar, indigo, pimento, wine, and textiles. It mandates an elaborate system of paperwork to aid enforcement. It also denies a jury trial to those accused of violating its decrees.
5 April 1794	France [French Revolution]	Georges-Jacques Danton, Jacobin leader in the French Revolution, instrumental in overthrowing the monarchy and establishing France's First Republic, is guillotined in Paris, France, during the ‘Reign of Terror’, following a show trial organized by Maximilien Robespierre, the leader of the Committee of Public Safety (35).
5 April 1795	France, Prussia, Saxony, Germany [French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801)]	France and Prussia sign the Peace of Basel, under which France retains its conquests on the left bank of the Rhine pending the conclusion of a peace with the Holy Roman Empire, while Prussia receives territories on the right bank. Saxony, Hanover, the Bavarian Palatinate, and Hesse-Cassel also agree terms with France.
5 April 1815	Netherlands East Indies [natural disasters]	Tambora volcano, on Sumbawa island in the Netherlands East Indies, erupts violently, killing 50,000 people. Its height diminishes by 1,220 m/4,000 ft, while dust clouds affect the world's climate.
5 April 1881	Transvaal, UK [treaties]	Britain and the Boers sign the Treaty of Pretoria, ending the First Anglo-Boer War and recognizing the independence of the South African Republic of Transvaal.
5 April 1886	Ottoman Empire [diplomacy]	Abdul Hamid II, the Ottoman sultan, appoints Alexander of Bulgaria governor of Eastern Rumelia in a compromise that keeps the area under Ottoman sovereignty but places it under Bulgarian rule.
5 April 1955	UK [administration]	Winston Churchill resigns as British prime minister because of age and ill health and is succeeded on 6 April by Anthony Eden who, on 7 April, reforms the Conservative government. Harold Macmillan becomes foreign secretary and R A Butler chancellor of the Exchequer.
5 April 1965	world [communications]	The first international communication satellite, Intelsat 1 (Early Bird), is launched into geostationary orbit over the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator. It provides 240 two-way telephone circuits or one television channel.
5 April 1975	China, Taiwan [births and deaths]	Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang Kai-shek), Chinese statesman, leader of the Nationalist government 1928–49, and then of the Chinese Nationalist government in exile on Taiwan, dies in Taipei, Taiwan (87).

April 5 (redirected from Apr 5)

5 April

April 5
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