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28 April| 28 April 1373 | France, England [Hundred Years War (1337–1453)] | Duke John IV of Brittany flees to England following a pro-French revolt by his subjects, leaving only the town of Brest, Brittany, remaining in English hands. | | 28 April 1512 | Ottoman Empire [political events] | The Ottoman sultan Bayezid II acknowledges his hopeless position following his sons' revolts and abdicates in favour of the youngest, Selim, governor of Trebizond, who becomes Selim I. | | 28 April 1538 | Spain, Central America [colonization] | The Spanish conquistador Hernando Pizarro, half-brother of Francisco Pizarro, leads his forces to victory over the rival faction of Diego de Almagro, capturing their leader, at Las Salinas; Almagro is subsequently executed in Cuzco (8 July). | | 28 April 1880 | UK [administration] | William Ewart Gladstone forms a Liberal ministry in which he is also chancellor of the Exchequer, with Lord Granville foreign secretary, William Harcourt home secretary, and Joseph Chamberlain president of the Board of Trade. | | 28 April 1925 | United Kingdom [banking and finance] | Britain returns sterling to the gold standard (linking the value of the pound to the Bank of England's gold reserves) at the prewar level of US $4.86, an act deemed necessary by politicians to maintain London, England, as an international centre of finance, but which leads to increasing difficulties for British industry. | | 28 April 1945 | Italy [political events] | Benito Mussolini, Italian prime minister 1922–43, first of Europe's fascist dictators, is shot by the Italian Resistance in Dongo, Italy (61). His mistress, Clara Petacci, and members of his entourage are also shot. | | 28 April 1966 | USA [basketball] | The Boston Celtics win their eighth successive US National Basketball Association (NBA) title. Their coach, Red Auerbach, retires to be replaced by Bill Russell (as player/coach), who becomes the first ever black American head coach. | | 28 April 1967 | USA [boxing] | The World Boxing Association strips Muhammad Ali (formerly Cassius Clay) of his world heavyweight title for refusing to be drafted into the US army. | | 28 April 1998 | England [medicine] | UK researchers at Guy's Hospital in London, England, announce the development of a vaccine against Streptococcus mutans the bacterium that causes tooth decay. They hope it will be incorporated into toothpaste to eradicate decay. | | 28 April 2005 | UK [law and government] | Five law lords sitting as the UK's highest court rule unanimously that creating children to help treat a sister or brother with a genetic disorder is lawful and that the Human Fertilization Authority has the power to license fertility treatment aimed at saving a sibling's life. |
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