Aristagoras (died 497 BC)

Tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Miletus in southwestern Asia Minor. He incited a revolt of the Ionian Greeks against the Persians 499 BC, involving Athens in the conflict, which led to the Persian Wars of 499–449 BC and the end of Persian dominance of the ancient world.

He was the brother-in-law of Histiaeus, for whom he acted as regent during the latter's absence at the Persian court. Having failed in an attack upon Naxos, and thereby fallen into disfavour with the Persians, Aristagoras raised the whole of Ionia in revolt.