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Astana
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Astana

Commercial and industrial city in northern Kazakhstan, capital of Akmola oblast (region), and from 1998 the capital of Kazakhstan; population (2004) 510,500. Astana is situated on the River Ishim, 190 km/118 mi northwest of Qaraghandy, and stands at the centre of a major wheat-farming area of steppe. Agricultural machinery, textiles, and chemicals are produced here. Astana is also located at an important railway junction, and is the site of rolling-stock repair depots. The city replaced Almaty as the republic's capital in 1998.

Astana was founded as the fortress of Akmolinsk in 1824. It was renamed Tselinograd (‘Virgin Lands City’) in 1961, during the intensive programme of grain production established by Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev in northern Kazakhstan.

The city was favoured as the new capital because it is less susceptible to earthquakes and has a more central location than Almaty.



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Department of Education and Culture, has been appointed artistic director of the International Dance Festival at the opera house and new cultural center in Astana, Kazakhstan.
International Dance Festival by Dance Magazine
During the July 2005 SCO Heads of State Summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, the six-nation body issued a declaration that the coalition forces give "a final timeline" for their use of bases in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
China turns West: Beijing's contemporary strategy towards Central Asia by Sheives, Kevin / Pacific Affairs
According to Walt's taxonomy, some countries have sought to achieve a modest balancing, either in collaboration with others (the demarche that China and Russia obtained from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Astana, Kazakhstan, last year calling for a withdrawal of "outside forces" from Central Asia) or by themselves through the cultivation of asymmetric niche capabilities (state sponsorship of terrorism being the example par excellence).
Strategic horizons by Pham, J. Peter / The National Interest
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