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3 August| 3 August 1191 | France, Palestine [Crusades (1095–1272)] | Claiming to be in ill health, King Philip II of France sails for home from Palestine. | | 3 August 1347 | India [administration] | Hasan, leader of the Muslim rebels in the Deccan, India, is proclaimed Bahman Shah and founds the Bahmani dynasty of Kulbarga, India. | | 3 August 1387 | Denmark, Norway [political events] | King Olaf VI of Denmark and Norway dies. His mother Margaret is elected to continue as regent in both countries for her lifetime. | | 3 August 1529 | France, Holy Roman Empire, Italy, Spanish Netherlands, Portugal, Burgundy, Savoy, Spain [treaties] | Louise of Savoy, mother of King Francis I of France, and Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, aunt of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, finalize the Treaty of Cambrai, ‘The Ladies' Peace’. Francis surrenders all his claims in Italy, suzerainty over Flanders and Artois, and possession of Tournai, and undertakes to marry Eleanor of Portugal, widow of King Manuel I and sister of the emperor Charles; Charles renounces his claim to the duchy of Burgundy, and recognizes Valois acquisitions of the lands of Charles, duc de Bourbon, and the principality of Orange in Provence and Savoy. Francis ransoms his sons from Spain for 2 million crowns. | | 3 August 1803 | India, UK [Anglo–Maratha Wars (1782–1818)] | The second Anglo-Maratha War begins in India when British troops take the offensive against the Sindhia dynasty of Gwalior. | | 3 August 1914 | Germany, France [World War I (1914–18)] | Germany declares war on France. | | 3 August 1918 | United Kingdom, Russia, Japan [World War I (1914–18)] | A British force lands at Vladivostok, Russia, beginning a joint effort with France and the USA to prevent Japanese aggrandizement in Siberia. | | 3 August 1924 | [births and deaths] | Joseph Conrad (pen-name of Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski), Polish-born British novelist whose works include Heart of Darkness, Nostromo, and Chance, dies in Canterbury, Kent, England (66). | | 3 August 1949 | USA [basketball] | In the USA, the Basketball Association of America merges with the National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). | | 3–5 August 1981 | Poland [unions and associations] | The Solidarity trade union movement blockades Warsaw city centre in Poland in protest at food shortages. | | 3 August 1984 | Upper Volta [law and government] | The Upper Volta head of state, Captain Thomas Sankara, renames his country Burkina Faso (‘land of incorruptible people’). |
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