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9 August| 9 August 1081 | Holy Roman Empire [elections] | King Henry IV's enemies in Germany elect Hermann of Salm as king in succession to Rudolf of Swabia. | | 9 August 1516 | Netherlands [births and deaths] | Hieronymus Bosch (pseudonym of Jerome van Aeken), highly original Dutch painter, associated with complex and fantastic symbolism and allegory, whose major works include The Temptation of St Antony and The Garden of Earthly Delights, dies in 's-Hertogenbosch, Brabant, Netherlands (c. 66). | | 9 August 1615 | France [wars] | Renewed civil war breaks out in France, in which Henri II de Bourbon, Prince of Condé is in league with the Huguenots (French Protestants) led by Henri, Duke of Rohan, against the queen mother Marie de' Medici and Concino Concini, Marquis of Ancre, Marshal of France. | | 9 August 1805 | Austria, UK, Russian Empire, France, Sweden [treaties] | Austria joins Britain, Russia, and Sweden as the signatories of the Treaty of St Petersburg in alliance against France and receives a £3 million subsidy. | | 9 August 1848 | Sardinia-Piedmont, Austrian Empire, Lombardy, Italy [revolution] | Following the decisive Piedmontese defeat at Custozza in the Veneto, an armistice is concluded between Austria and Sardinia-Piedmont at Vigevano, Lombardy, by which Sardinia-Piedmont gives up Lombardy and accepts the status quo as it existed in Italy before the revolutions. | | 9 August 1870 | UK [women's rights] | The Married Women's Property Act is passed by the British Parliament, making small but significant concessions to equality in Britain. It recognizes a woman's right to keep any money she earns and some of her own possessions. | | 9 August 1919 | Netherlands [suffrage] | Universal suffrage is granted in the Netherlands. | | 9 August 1945 | Japan, USA [World War II (1939–45)] | The US B-29 bomber Bock's Car drops an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, destroying half the city. | | 9 August 1974 | USA [law and government] | The US president Richard Nixon resigns to avoid impeachment because of his involvement in the Watergate affair, and Gerald Ford becomes the 38th president of the USA. | | 9 August 1979 | UK [everyday life] | Brighton, in southern England, is the first British seaside resort to provide an area designated for nudists. | | 9 August 2005 | [space exploration] | The US space shuttle Discovery returns safely to Earth from its mission to the International Space Station, following an unprecedented spacewalk by one of the astronauts to carry out external safety repairs in orbit. The shuttle's delayed landing is switched from Florida to California because of bad weather. |
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