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11 August| 11 August 1086 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany [births and deaths] | Henry V, German king 1099–1125 and Emperor 1111–25, the last emperor of the Salian dynasty, born (–1125). | | 11 August 1673 | France, UK, United Netherlands [Anglo–Dutch Wars (1652–74)] | The last important engagement of the third Anglo-Dutch war takes place between the allied British and French navies and the Dutch fleet off Texel in the United Netherlands. The result is inconclusive but it marks the end of allied efforts to land troops in the United Netherlands. | | 11 August 1674 | France, United Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Spanish Netherlands [wars] | The important Battle of Seneffe, near Charleroi in the Spanish Netherlands, takes place between French and allied Dutch, Imperial, and Spanish forces. Though the two sides fight to a stalemate, the Dutch Captain-General William of Orange emerges with an enhanced reputation as a military leader. | | 11 August 1830 | France [law and government] | The first ministry of King Louis-Phillipe's reign in France is formed, comprising a range of moderate and progressive liberals led by Jacques Lafitte, Casimir Périer, and François Guizot. | | 11 August 1892 | UK [administration] | Following electoral defeat in the British general election, the Conservative prime minister Lord Salisbury resigns and William Ewart Gladstone forms a Liberal ministry, with Lord Rosebery foreign secretary, William Harcourt chancellor of the Exchequer, and Herbert Asquith home secretary. | | 11 August 1920 | Russia, Latvia [treaties] | Russia and Latvia sign the Riga Treaty, in which Russia recognizes Latvia's independence. | | 11 August 1994 | Cuba, USA [political events] | President Fidel Castro of Cuba lifts restrictions on those wishing to leave Cuba, provoking a major exodus from the island; by the end of August, 20,000 people have left. On 19 August the US president Bill Clinton removes automatic refugee status for Cubans fleeing to the USA (and on 9 September restrictions on departures are reintroduced after agreement is reached between Cuba and the USA). | | 11 August 1999 | UK [astronomy] | A total solar eclipse occurs in England. The path of the eclipse passes over Cornwall, England – the first total solar eclipse visible there since 1927. The eclipse is marred by poor visibility due to clouds and rain. | | 11–13 August 2003 | Afghanistan [War on Terrorism (2001– )] | In Afghanistan the international peacekeeping force in the capital, Kabul, is placed under the strategic command of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). It is the Western Alliance's first ground mission outside Europe. Two days later Afghanistan suffers its most violent day in several months, leaving at least 64 people dead in a series of incidents including clashes in Khost province between government forces and rebel supporters of the former Taliban regime and the terrorist bombing of a civilian bus in Lashkargah in the south of the country. |
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