| 30 August 30 BC | Egypt, Rome [administration] | The joint suicide of Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the Roman triumvir Mark Anthony, following their defeat by the triumvir Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, brings to an end the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Egypt is subsequently annexed by Rome. |
| 30 August 30 BC | Roman Empire, Egypt [births and deaths] | Mark Antony, Roman general under Julius Caesar and later triumvir 43–32 BC, ally and husband of Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, commits suicide in Alexandria, Egypt (53). |
| 30 August 30 BC | Egypt [births and deaths] | Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt 51–30 BC, lover and ally of Mark Antony, commits suicide in Alexandria, Egypt (c. 39). |
| 30 August 1125 | Holy Roman Empire, Germany [administration] | Lothair of Supplinburg, Duke of Saxony, is elected ‘king of the Romans’ (king of Germany) as Lothair III by the German nobles. |
| 30 August 1181 | Rome [births and deaths] | Alexander III (original name Rolando Bandinelli), pope 1159–81, a vigorous defender of papal authority against the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa and King Henry II of England, dies in Rome, Italy (c. 76). |
| 30 August 1797 | England [births and deaths] | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English writer, author of Frankenstein, born in London, England (–1851). |
| 30 August 1841 | UK [administration] | Robert Peel becomes prime minister of a Conservative government in Britain when Lord Melbourne resigns because elections have weakened support for him in the House of Commons. |
| 30 August 1871 | New Zealand [births and deaths] | Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist and investigator of radioactivity, born in Spring Grove, New Zealand (–1937). |
| 30 August 1922 | Greece, Anatolia [wars] | In the Greek–Turkish War, the Ankara Turks (nationalists) defeat the Greeks at the Battle of Afyon in Anatolia (modern Turkey). |
| 30 August 1924 | Germany [banking and finance] | The German Reichsbank becomes independent of the government and introduces a new mark, following the complete devaluation of the old one by hyperinflation. |
| 30 August 1954 | France [treaties] | The French parliament votes against ratification of the 1952 treaty establishing the European Defence Community (EDC), which is destroyed by the decision. |
| 30 August 1995 | Bosnia-Herzegovina [international organizations] | NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) aircraft begin large-scale attacks on Serbian positions in Bosnia; 300 sorties are flown in the first 12 hours, and by 13 September over 800 missions have been completed. |
| 30 August 1998 | UK [orchestral music] | Simon Rattle conducts his final symphony as conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, in England. His successor is Finnish conductor Sakari Oramo. |
