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7 August| 7 August 1106 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [births and deaths] | Henry IV, German king 1054–1106 and Holy Roman Emperor 1084–1106, son of Henry III, dies in Liège, Lorraine, France (55). | | 7 August 1316 | France [administration] | Following the death of Pope Clement V, the French clergyman Jacques Duèse (D'Euze) is elected Pope John XXII. | | 7 August 1495 | Holy Roman Empire [legislation] | The Diet (legislative assembly) of Worms proclaims ‘general peace’ within the Holy Roman Empire, abolishing private warfare. The Reichskammergericht (a supreme court) is established, and an imperial tax (the Common Penny) is to be levied under the direction of the diet, for funding imperial defence. None of these measures will be effective. | | 7–28 August 1532 | Austria, Habsburg Monarchy, Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Ottoman Empire [Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718)] | The Ottoman invasion of Hungary under Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent stalls before the town of Günns (Burgenland); the stubborn resistance of a small garrison so delays the Ottoman Turks that the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V can reinforce the Austrian capital of Vienna in person, and autumn approaches. The Turks retreat, devastating Carinthia and Croatia (September). | | 7 August 1821 | UK [political events] | Queen Caroline of Britain dies, ending the dispute over her place in royal society. Her funeral cortege is diverted through the City of London, England, by her supporters, two of whom are killed in clashes with police. | | 7 August 1997 | USA [space exploration] | The US Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft reports the discovery of bacteria on Mars, but later reports there was no bacterial life after all. |
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