| 10 August 847 | Arab Caliphate [political events] | On the death of the Abbasid caliph al-Wathiq, his brother, al-Mutawakkil, becomes caliph (ruler of the Islamic world). A sternly orthodox Muslim, al-Mutawakkil immediately begins the persecution of the Shiite Muslim minority and introduces restrictions on the activities of Christians and Jews. |
| 10 August 955 | Germany, Hungary [wars] | King Otto I of Germany defeats the Magyars on the Lechfeld, near Augsburg. Their raids on Western Europe now cease and they begin a settled life in Hungary. |
| 10 August 1002 | Spain, Umayyad Caliphate [administration] | Following the death of the Umayyad regent Abu 'Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor), vizier of Córdoba, after his defeat at Calatañazor by the kings of León and Navarre, he is succeeded by his son, al-Muzaffar. |
| 10 August 1002 | Spain [births and deaths] | Abu 'Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor), chief minister (vizier) and virtual ruler of the Umayyad caliphate of Córdoba, Spain, dies in Spain (c. 64). |
| 10 August 1258 | Sicily [political events] | Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, assumes the crown of Sicily. |
| 10 August 1501 | France, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | The first of several treaties is made for the marriage of the infant Charles of Austria (the future emperor Charles V), son of Philip (‘the Handsome’), Archduke of Austria and Duke of Burgundy, grandson of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and the infant daughter Claude of King Louis XII of France. |
| 10 August 1514 | England, France [political events] | King Henry VIII of England and King Louis XII of France proclaim a peace between their two countries. |
| 10 August 1664 | Ottoman Empire, Holy Roman Empire [treaties] | The Treaty of Vasvár ends the war between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. The Ottoman Turks are confirmed in their occupation of Neuhäusel and Grosswardein, Mihály Apafi, the Ottoman nominee, is recognized as Prince of Transylvania, both sides agree to remove their armies from Transylvania, and financial compensation is to be paid. |
| 10 August 1678 | France, United Netherlands [treaties] | The first of the Peace Treaties of Nijmegen is signed by France and the United Netherlands. Under its terms, France restores Maastricht and other conquests to the United Netherlands and the unfavourable tariff erected against the Dutch by the French chief finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert in 1667 is cancelled. The treaty is ratified by the Dutch on 17 September. |
| 10 August 1759 | Spain, Naples, Italy [political events] | King Ferdinand VI of Spain dies and is succeeded by Charles III (formerly Charles IV of the Italian kingdom of Naples, which passes to his nine-year-old son Ferdinand). |
| 10 August 1787 | Ottoman Empire, Russia [Russian–Ottoman Wars (1768–1878)] | The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia, in an attempt to regain the Crimea. |
| 10 August 1792 | France [French Revolution] | A huge mob storms the royal palace in the Tuileries, Paris, France, massacring the Swiss Guard. The Legislative Assembly declares the king's authority suspended. A new revolutionary Commune de Paris (municipal government) replaces the original body set up in 1789, sharing power in the French capital with a Provisional Executive Council and the Legislative Assembly. |
| 10 August 1874 | USA [births and deaths] | Herbert Hoover, thirty-first president of the USA 1929–33, a Republican, born in West Branch, Iowa (–1964). |
| 10 August 1913 | Balkans [treaties] | The Balkan states sign a peace treaty in Bucharest, Romania, in which Serbia and Greece retain the areas of Macedonia they have taken from Bulgaria. |
| 10 August 1920 | Anatolia [treaties] | The Treaty of Sèvres is signed, ending the war between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies. Under the terms of the agreement the Empire is broken up. Mesopotamia and Palestine become British mandates and Syria becomes a French mandate. Part of eastern Thrace, Smyrna (modern Izmir), and other territory is awarded to Greece, Rhodes is awarded to Italy, the Hejaz region becomes independent, and the Dardanelles are internationalized. |
| 10 August 1945 | USA [births and deaths] | Robert Goddard, US astronautics pioneer who developed modern rockets used for launching spacecraft, dies in Baltimore, Maryland (62). |
| 10 August 1966 | USA [space exploration] | The US spacecraft Lunar Orbiter 1 enters the Moon's orbit and transmits pictures of the dark side. It is the first of a series of five uncrewed spacecraft that photograph the Moon to select sites for the Apollo missions and to make detailed lunar maps. |
