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22 August| 22 August 1138 | England, Scotland [Anglo–Scottish Wars 1296–1371)] | In the Battle of the Standard, near Northallerton (in present-day North Yorkshire), English forces rout the invading army of King David I of Scotland. | | 22 August 1350 | France [political events] | Following the death of King Philip VI of France, he is succeeded by his son John II. | | 22–25 August 1572 | France [political events] | The agents of Henri, Duke of Guise, and Catherine de' Medici fail to assassinate the Huguenot (French Protestant) leader Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Fearing discovery, Catherine persuades her son, King Charles IX of France, to authorize the slaughter of the Huguenots in Paris, France, on the night of 23 August; this ‘St Bartholomew's Day Massacre’ has some 3,000 victims, including Coligny, whom the Duke of Guise defenestrates. King Henry of Navarre and Henri de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, are spared, at the price of their conversion. | | 22 August 1642 | UK [British Civil Wars (1642–51)] | The English Civil War officially begins when King Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham, England. | | 22 August 1788 | Africa [colonization] | A British settlement is founded in Sierra Leone, West Africa, for freed slaves. | | 22 August 1795 | France [legislation] | A third French constitution is approved by the National Convention, vesting executive power in five directors (the Directory). | | 22 August 1818 | England [births and deaths] | Warren Hastings, British statesman and the first governor general of Bengal (most of British India) (1774), dies in Daylesford, Oxfordshire, England (86). | | 22 August 1862 | France [births and deaths] | Claude Debussy, French composer, born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France (–1918). | | 22 August 1910 | Japan, Korea [colonies and mandate] | Japan formally annexes Korea, having already secured political and military control of the Chinese fiefdom. | | 22 August–10 September 1932 | United Kingdom [television] | In collaboration with Baird Company, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) begins the first regular television service, with transmissions between 11 a.m. and 11:30 p.m. |
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