Black, Clementina Maria (1853–1922)

English suffragist, trade unionist, and novelist. After serving as secretary of the Women's Provident and Protective League, she set up the more militant Women's Trade Union Association (1889). This merged with the Women's Industrial Council (1897) and she became its president, playing an active role in collecting data on women's work and campaigning against sweated industries. She published Married Women's Work in 1915.

Black was born in Brighton, East Sussex, and educated at home. On her mother's death she moved to London, where she conducted research for her novels and lectured on 18th-century literature. Her publications include Sweated Industry and the Minimum Wage (1907), A Case for Trade Boards (1909), and a number of novels. Her sister Constance Garnett (1862–1946) was a distinguished translator of Russian literature.