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Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich
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Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (1752–1840)

German naturalist. In 1785, before the French comparative anatomist Georges Cuvier, he established the dependence of zoology on comparative anatomy, and also made important contributions to ethnology. His works include De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa (1775), Manual of Natural History (1780), and Manual of Comparative Anatomy and Physiology (1804).

He was born in Gotha and educated at Jena and at Gottingen, where he became professor in 1778, remaining at the university for about 60 years. During that time he lectured on natural history, anatomy, medicine, and physiology.



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Numerous people contributed to the theory of racial typology: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, in On the Natural Variety of Mankind, provided the first system of racial classification in 1776, which was followed by Georges Cuvier's 1800 treatise on racial hierarchy.
Freak shows, spectacles, and carnivals: reading Jonathan Demme's ... by Wardi, Anissa Janine / African American Review
He focuses on differences between Leonardo's Aristotelian embryological notion of compositio and the later "notion of predetermined types" that underlies the work of Lavater, Buffon, Blumenbach, and other major protagonists in the history of racial science.
De Figura Umana: Fisiognomica, anatomia e arte in Leonardo by Farago, Claire / Renaissance Quarterly
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