Thirty Years' War
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The siege of Jülich in the Thirty Years' War.
Major war 1618–48 in central Europe. Beginning as a German conflict between Protestants and Catholics, it was gradually transformed into a struggle to determine whether the ruling Austrian Habsburg family could gain control of all Germany. The war caused serious economic and demographic problems in central Europe. Under the Peace of Westphalia the German states were granted their sovereignty and the emperor retained only nominal control.
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