Bonaparte

Satirical cartoon depicting French emperor Napoleon with his brother Joseph Bonaparte, king of Spain, pondering the events of 1808.

Wellington at the Battle of Vittoria, 21 June 1813. At this decisive battle of the Peninsular War of 1808-14, British forces under the Duke of Wellington defeated the French army of Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdain at Vittoria in northern Spain, forcing Joseph Bonaparte - who had been made king of Spain by Napoleon - to flee back to France.

The French Emperor with his army before his victory over the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram in 1809. Napoleon launched a massive attack on the Austrians led by the Archduke Charles at the village of Wagram near Vienna. During the battle, one of the heaviest concentrations of artillery fire recorded in history took a terrible toll, with many casualties on both sides.

Corsican family of Italian origin that gave rise to the Napoleonic dynasty: see Napoleon I, Napoleon II, and Napoleon III. Others were the brothers and sister of Napoleon I:

Joseph (1768-1844) whom Napoleon made king of Naples in 1806 and of Spain in 1808;

Lucien (1775-1840) whose handling of the Council of Five Hundred on 10 November 1799 ensured Napoleon's future;

Louis (1778-1846) the father of Napoleon III, who was made king of Holland 1806-10; also called (from 1810) comte de Saint Leu;

Caroline (1782-1839) who married Joachim Murat in 1800; full name Maria Annunciata Caroline;

Jerome (1784-1860) made king of Westphalia in 1807.