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Boniface VIII

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Boniface VIII (c. 1235–1303)

Pope from 1294. He clashed unsuccessfully with Philip IV of France over his taxation of the clergy, and also with Henry III of England.

Boniface exempted the clergy from taxation by the secular government in a bull (edict) 1296, but was forced to give way when the clergy were excluded from certain lay privileges. His bull of 1302 Unam sanctam, asserting the complete temporal and spiritual power of the papacy, was equally ineffective.



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? Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive
 
Pope Boniface VIII in 1294 argued with French King Philip IV over Philip's plan to tax the church to pay for the king's wars.
Of popes and power: in the middle ages, the Vatican reigned supreme by Boston, Rob / Church & State
In one circle of hell, Pope Boniface VIII and two recent Cardinals (Law and O'Connor) drool and and writhe, muttering perversions worthy of Sade as they wander among the bodies of some young new arrivals, preparing to molest their souls.
"SO LONG AGO I CAN'T REMEMBER" by Breidenbach, Tom / Artforum International
Arnald of Villanova complained that the hypochondriacal Boniface VIII (1294-1303) worried less about "the zeal for Christ and health of souls than about bodies.
Agostino Paravicini-Baglioni, The Pope's Body & Katherine Ludwig ... by WEINSTEIN, DONALD / Renaissance Quarterly
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