Borgia, Cesare (c. 1475–1507)
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A portrait of the Italian general Cesare Borgia by Italian painter Altobello Meloni. Cesare Borgia was the older brother of the more infamous Lucrezia Borgia. He declined a career in the Church (set up for him by his father, Pope Alexander VI) and found success in fighting the papacy's corner against other Italian city states.
Italian general, illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI. Made a cardinal at 17 by his father, he resigned to become captain-general of the papacy, campaigning successfully against the city republics of Italy. Ruthless and treacherous in war, he was an able ruler (a model for Machiavelli's The Prince), but his power crumbled on the death of his father. He was a patron of artists, including Leonardo da Vinci.
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