Callaway County

County in in east-central Missouri, USA; area 2,181 sq km/842 sq mi; population (1990) 32,800. It is bounded by the Missouri River to the south. Its seat and only large city is Fulton. The county is primarily agricultural, and is particularly noted for its horses and mules; its products include corn, wheat, and oats. In addition, coal and stone are mined and lumber is cut, mainly in the western section. The Callaway nuclear power plant, which began operation in 1984, is important to the county's economy.

During the Civil War, it seceded from the Union and, signing a treaty with the state militia, became the ‘Kingdom of Callaway’. A unit of the Mark Twain National Forest is in the west of the county.