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Cathar
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Cathar

Member of a sect in medieval Europe usually numbered among the Christian heretics. Influenced by Manichaeism, they started about the 10th century in the Balkans where they were called ‘Bogomils’, spread to southwestern Europe where they were often identified with the Albigenses, and by the middle of the 14th century had been destroyed or driven underground by the Inquisition.

The Cathars believed that this world is under the domination of Satan, and men and women are the terrestrial embodiment of spirits who were inspired by him to revolt and were driven out of heaven. At death, the soul will be reincarnated (whether in human or animal form) unless it has been united through the Cathar faith with Christ.



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? Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive
 
Alan Friedlander (2000) explains the popularity of some Christian heresies, like Catharism in the South of France, among the members of the middle class as the result of the consolation offered by heretical teachings to souls tormented by the problem of earthly possessions.
In the third century, Catholicism met the challenge of Manes, the father of Manicheism, only to come face to face with Catharism in the eleventh century, Albigensianism in the twelfth, and Puritanism in the sixteenth.
Rather than originating in the fading military nobility and then spreading vertically downward through networks of clientage, Catharism ramified horizontally from minor urban nobility, merchants, and the upper ranks of the artisanate, especially furriers.
 
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