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Cathar |
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Cathar
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Alan Friedlander (2000) explains the popularity of some Christian heresies, like Catharism in the South of France, among the members of the middle class as the result of the consolation offered by heretical teachings to souls tormented by the problem of earthly possessions. In the third century, Catholicism met the challenge of Manes, the father of Manicheism, only to come face to face with Catharism in the eleventh century, Albigensianism in the twelfth, and Puritanism in the sixteenth. Rather than originating in the fading military nobility and then spreading vertically downward through networks of clientage, Catharism ramified horizontally from minor urban nobility, merchants, and the upper ranks of the artisanate, especially furriers. |
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