Civil War, Irish

In Irish history, a conflict, 1922–23, that followed the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921), which established the partition of Ireland into the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. In June 1922 the Irish government, led by Michael Collins, attacked the headquarters of the anti-Treaty faction (mostly from the Irish Republican Army (IRA)) at the Four Courts in Dublin. Fighting continued until April 1923, when the IRA gave up the fight. There were over 900 casualties.