civil engineering
Branch of engineering that is concerned with the construction of roads, bridges, airports, aqueducts, waterworks, tunnels, canals, irrigation works, and harbours.
Civil engineering was first recognized as a separate profession from architecture and military engineering by the French. They established a department concerned with roads and bridges which, in 1763, became the Corps des Ingénieurs des Ponts.
The British engineer John Smeaton established his Society of Civil Engineers in 1771 to distinguish civilian from military engineering projects.
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