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Córdoba

Industrial city and capital of Córdoba province, central Argentina, situated on the Primero (or Suquiá) River, 400 m/1,310 ft above sea level at the foot of the Sierra Chica, between the Pampas on the east and the Andes on the west; population (2001) 1,267,500. Main industries include cement, glass, textiles, and motor vehicles. The city's water and electric power come from the lake created by the San Roque Dam on the River Primero.

Córdoba was founded in 1573 by Jeronimo Luis de Cabrera. The cathedral, begun in 1577, is the oldest in Argentina, and the university, founded in 1613, is the second oldest in South America. There is a military aviation college and an observatory.

Córdoba

Capital of Córdoba province, southern Spain, on the River Guadalquivir; population (2001 est) 313,500. Paper, textiles, silverware, and copper products are manufactured, and there is a large trade in agricultural produce, wine, olive oil, and lead. It has many Moorish remains, including the mosque, now a cathedral, founded by Abd ar-Rahman I in 785, which is one of the largest Christian churches in the world.

History

The original nucleus of Córdoba was an Iberian settlement, which was occupied by the Romans c.206 BC. Córdoba passed to the Visigoths in 572 and to the Moors in 711. It became the seat (756–1031) of an independent emirate, later called a caliphate, which included most of Muslim Spain. Córdoba became renowned during this period as a centre of Muslim and Jewish culture, and one of the greatest and wealthiest cities in Europe. The city reached its height in the 10th century, under Abd ar-Rahman III, when it became one of the foremost centres of art and learning in Spain and also the largest city in Europe. It declined after 1031, and became subject to Seville in 1078. Ferdinand III of Castile took the town from the Moors in 1236. It was sacked by the French in 1808 and sided with General Francisco Franco early (1936) in the civil war.

The Senecas, Lucan, Averroës, and Maimonides were born in Córdoba.

Córdoba

Province of southern Spain in northern Andalusia autonomous community; area 13,719 sq km/5,297 sq mi; population (1991 est) 751,700. The River Guadalquivir and its tributaries (the Guadiato, the Bembezar, and the Guadajoz) run through the province, which also includes part of the Sierra Morena mountain range. Horses and cattle are raised, and its main products include cereals, vines, olives, fruit, beans, lead, and copper. The capital is Córdoba.

Córdoba

Department in northwest Colombia, bounded to the north by the Caribbean; area 25,020 sq km/9,660 sq mi; population (1996) 1,275,623. The capital is Montería. The department contains the lakes of Ciénaga de los Zambos to the east and Ciénaga Grande to the north. The economy is based primarily on agriculture and the production of coffee, cocoa, and sugar. There is some cattle-grazing.

Córdoba

Province in central Argentina, lying between the Andean region of the northwest and the Pampas to the east; area 165,321 sq km/63,830 sq mi; population (1996) 2,766,683. In the west of the province, livestock husbandry and irrigated agriculture form the economic basis, while in the wetter east, wheat and alfalfa are the main crops, in addition to the traditional cattle farming of the Pampas. There is some mining of manganese, sand, basalt, limestone, marble, and granite. There used to be a motor vehicle industry here, but it has declined since the early 1980s.

Córdoba's dry, sunny climate and the natural beauty of its sierra landscape have contributed to the development of an extensive tourist industry.

Features To the northeast of the province is the Mar Chiquita salt lake, and to the northwest is part of the Salinas Grandes salt desert. The Sierra de Córdoba mountain range runs north–south through the west of the province, attaining a maximum height of about 2,400 m/7,874 ft. The remaining part of the western half of Córdoba is comprised of a fertile plateau, while the eastern half is part of the Pampas proper.

Numerous rivers cross the province, and there are also several lakes of considerable size. Supplemented by artificial lakes created by the barrages on the Tercero and San Roque rivers, these water resources are vital for irrigation. The waters of the Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, and Quinto rivers are also used for hydroelectric power.

In addition to the capital, Córdoba, the major urban centres and market towns are Río Cuarto, Villa María, San Francisco, and Alta Gracia.

Córdoba

City in the state of Veracruz, eastern Mexico, 88 km/55 mi southwest of the city of Veracruz; population (1995) 168,800. It lies 923 m/3,028 ft above sea level, in a fertile valley with coffee plantations. Coffee processing and sugar refining are the main industries. The Treaty of Córdoba, which confirmed Mexican independence from Spanish rule, was signed here in 1821 by Agustín de Iturbide.

Córdoba has the highest rainfall in Mexico. Flowers grow exceptionally well here.

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