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Counter-Reformation |
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Counter-ReformationMovement initiated by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent (1545-63) to counter the spread of the Reformation. Extending into the 17th century, its dominant forces included the rise of the Jesuits as an educating and missionary group and the deployment of the Spanish Inquisition in Europe and the Americas. See also Germany: history 1519-1815, impact of the Counter-Reformation; and Spain: history 1492-1936, reign of Philip II. |
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| The author follows the lead of James Farr and Joan Scott, agreeing with them that refining sexual differences reinforced social order and hierarchy in Counter-Reformation Europe. The term is doubly misplaced, for example, in a section titled "The Counter-Reformation as World Mission. In this respect, the Counter Reformation in Milan in the later sixteenth century was dominated by the ideas and teachings of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo (see Lewis Lockwood, The Counter-Reformation and the Masses of Vincenzo Ruffo [1970]). |
Counter-Reformation
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