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Kronstadt
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Kronstadt

Town and naval fortress in the Leningrad oblast (region) in the northwestern Russian Federation; population (1990) 45,000. Kronstadt is situated on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland, 29 km/18 mi west of St Petersburg. Peter (I) the Great founded the naval base here in 1703, after seizing the island from Swedish control, to protect his new capital. Until the 1880s, it also served as the commercial port of St Petersburg.

Naval units of the Baltic Fleet based at Kronstadt enthusiastically supported the Bolsheviks in the Revolution of October 1917, but rebelled against communist rule in 1921 (‘Kronstadt Rising’). The base played an important part in providing artillery support against German forces during the siege of Leningrad (1941–43).
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