2 December

2 December 1254	Sicily, Italy [political events]	Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son of the late Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, defeats the papal army near Foggia, Italy. He thus wins the loyalty of the Puglia region for his imperial cause.
2 December 1537	Holy Roman Empire, Austria, Ottoman Empire, Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy [Habsburg–Ottoman Wars (1525–1718)]	An invasion army loyal to Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria, including German and Bohemian troops as well as Styrian, Carinthian, and Carniolan levies, is utterly defeated by Ottoman frontier forces at Valpó.
2 December 1790	Austrian Netherlands, Belgium [political events]	Austrian forces reconquer Belgium, restoring it as the Austrian Netherlands.
2 December 1804	France [political events]	Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself emperor as Napoleon I in Paris, France. Pope Pius VII officiates at the coronation.
2 December 1805	France, Russian Empire, Austria [Napoleonic Wars (1803–15)]	The French emperor Napoleon I entices the much larger Russo-Austrian forces ranged against him to overextend themselves before effecting a crushing defeat upon them in the Battle of Austerlitz, in Moravia.
2 December 1823	USA, Europe, South America [diplomacy]	The ‘Monroe Doctrine’ is announced by the US president James Monroe. It excludes European powers from interfering in the politics of any of the American republics and closes the entire American continent to colonial settlements by them.
2 December 1840	USA [elections]	Americans elect William Henry Harrison president and John Tyler vice president.
2 December 1848	Austrian Empire [political events]	The mentally unstable emperor Ferdinand I of Austria abdicates in favour of his nephew Franz Josef I.
2 December 1851	France [political events]	The French president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, carries out a coup d'état to extend his presidency and give him more power.
2 December 1852	France [political events]	The Second French Empire is proclaimed. President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor Napoleon III.
2 December 1880	England [births and deaths]	George Eliot (pseudonym of Mary Anne Evans), English novelist, dies in London, England (61).
2 December 1887	France [law and government]	François-Paul-Jules Grévy resigns the presidency of France following financial scandals connected with his son-in-law Daniel Wilson, who trafficked in medals of the Legion of Honour. Marie-François-Sadi Carnot is elected president.
2 December 1898	Pacific, USA, UK, Germany [political events]	The USA, Britain, and Germany sign the Samoan Partition Treaty, dividing the Samoan Islands between the three signatories.
2 December 1942	USA [energy]	Italian physicist Enrico Fermi and his colleagues at the University of Chicago, Illinois, use thin layers of uranium oxide and graphite to create the first nuclear pile and initiate a controlled chain-reaction – the first nuclear reactor.
2 December 1971	United Arab Emirates [political events]	The seven emirates of Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Dubai, Umm al Qaiwain, Ras al Khaimah, Ajman, and Fujairah form the United Arab Emirates.
2 December 1982	USA [surgery]	At the University of Utah Medical Center an artificial heart, designed by Robert Jarvik, is implanted into heart patient Barney Clark who lives for 112 days.
2 December 1989	USA, USSR [diplomacy]	The US president George Bush and the Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev formally declare the Cold War to be at an end.
2 December 1999	UK, Ireland [law and government]	Northern Ireland's first all-inclusive power-sharing cabinet meets for the first time, in Belfast. Irish First Minister Bertie Ahern signs away articles two and three of the Irish constitution, giving up his country's territorial claim to Northern Ireland.

December 2 (redirected from Dec 2)

2 December

December 2
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