design process

Stage in the production of an artefact, which must take place before the manufacturing process begins.

Needs and opportunities for new designs are brought about by changes. These changes may occur because of new discoveries in science and technology, cultural changes, or simply a change of environment or location.

Once a need or opportunity for a new product has been identified, further research is carried out. Groups of people may be surveyed, using methods such as questionnaires. An existing product may also be further explored, possibly by disassembling it (taking it apart in order to see how it fits together or how it works).

The information gained from the research process is analysed, to look for patterns and trends. From this analysis, a specification is written, giving the details for the general design of the product. This will take into account the product's function, dimension, ergonomics (which considers the efficiency of the manufacturers of the product in their working environment), anthropometrics (which considers the measurements of the human body), and aesthetic (visual) information.

The specification is used to create a range of design ideas. One approach to this is brainstorming, a session of intensive discussion during which a group will share ideas in order to inspire new concepts. Few ideas are completely original; many are old ideas adapted for new situations. However, if a new product is invented, the idea can be patented (protected) to stop people copying it. The advantages and disadvantages of each idea are highlighted and discussed. Mock-ups may be made to try out each idea. From this development work, a single design proposal is chosen. This, in turn, is developed, possibly using more sophisticated prototyping. The final design will be shown as a presentation design drawing, containing all the information needed to make the product.