For Bae, the decline in union participation and mutual aid society membership was the result of workers' shift to economic individualism over corporate community.

As the former British Tory MP, Matthew Parris, himself gay, argued in the London Times: "Add the economic individualism which accompanies a man who has left home, plus the particular fear of violence which haunts those for whom the terrors of the school playground find their echo later in a nervousness of yobs, and you have the ingredients not only of Pim Fortuyn's free- market economics, but of his message on law and order too.

Louis Farrakhan's conservative rhetoric of economic individualism and racial separatism doesn't square with the labor movement's message of class solidarity and racial cooperation.