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Elam| Ancient region of the lower valley of Karkeh and Karun southwestern Iran, geographically an extension of the plain of southern Mesopotamia (now part of Iraq). Its capital, Susa, has been extensively excavated. |
| Susa was closely linked culturally with Mesopotamia: a pictographic script (related to but separate from the earliest Mesopotamian script) was in use about 3000 BC, although Akkadian cuneiform was later adopted. Politically the two areas were also closely interconnected; at times Elam was subject to southern Mesopotamia, at others it dominated the area for brief periods. For example, about 2000 BC Elam put an end to the third dynasty of Ur; in the 13th century BC the Elamites raided Babylon and the surrounding area. It played an important part in Babylonian opposition to Assyrian domination, but was eventually absorbed into the Achaemenid empire in the 6th century BC. |
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| Parthians, Medes, Elamites and the residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the part of Libya belonging to Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs--in our own languages we hear them speaking about God's deeds of power. Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the inhabiters of Mesopotamia, and of Jewry, and of Capadocia, of Pontus and Asia, Phrigia and Pamphilia, of Egipte, and of the parties of Libia, whiche is beside Siren, and straungers of Rome, Jewes and Proselites, Grekes and Arrabians, we have heard them speake in our owne tongues the great weorkes of God. |