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encyclical

Letter addressed by the pope to Roman Catholic bishops for the benefit of the people. The first was issued by Benedict XIV in 1740, but encyclicals became common only in the 19th century. They may be doctrinal (condemning errors), exhortative (recommending devotional activities), or commemorative.

Recent encyclicals include Pacem in terris (Pope John XXIII, 1963), Sacerdotalis celibatus (on the celibacy of the clergy, Pope Paul VI, 1967), and Humanae vitae (Pope Paul VI, 1967, on methods of contraception). Encyclicals are written in Latin.



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The writers of the Encyclicals were influenced by the dominant ideology and ambient culture of their times.
Benedict will have much to draw from and expand on for future encyclicals.
It is significant that Ryan's interpretation of Rerum is missing from the second of the social encyclicals, Quadragesimo anno (1931), where Pius XI identified a new species of moral virtue and gave it the name social justice.
 
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