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equation of motion| Mathematical equation that gives the position and velocity of a moving object at any time. Given the mass of an object, the forces acting on it, and its initial position and velocity, an equation of motion is used to calculate its position and velocity at any later time. The equation must be based on Newton's laws of motion or, if speeds near that of light are involved, on the theory of relativity. |
| The common equations are: |
| in which a is the object's constant acceleration, u is its initial velocity, v is its velocity after a time t, and s is the distance travelled by it in that time. |
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