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externality

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externality

The difference between the social cost or benefit of an economic activity and its private cost or benefit. For example, if a company pollutes the atmosphere but pays nothing to the government or the community for this, then the pollution becomes an externality.



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No known study, however, has quantified this positive externality, and critics argue that temporary reverse transfer students are "taking over" academic courses and that post-baccalaureate reverse transfer students are "crowding out" traditional students from vocational programs (Townsend & Dever, 1999; Townsend & Lambert, 1999; Townsend, 2001b).
Were it not for the inherent subjectivism of these matters, we would be tempted to claim that public education is an externality all right, but a negative not a positive one.
An example of a negative externality is when a manufacturer pollutes, creating an external cost--the harm caused by the pollution--borne by the people living nearby.
 
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