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27 February| 27 February 1531 | Germany, Holy Roman Empire [political events] | Protestant polities of Germany form the Schmalkaldic League, with a common army and treasury, to defend themselves against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and his Catholic allies. The members are John, Elector of Saxony, Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt, the two counts Mansfeld, four dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and the cities of Strassburg, Ulm, Constance, Reutlingen, Memmingen, Lindau, Biberach, Isny, Lübeck, Magdeburg, and Bremen. | | 27 February 1617 | Russia, Sweden [treaties] | Russia and Sweden sign the Peace of Stolbovo. Under the peace treaty, Sweden's king Gustavus II Adolphus recognizes Tsar Michael I Romanov and surrenders his capture of Novgorod, but obtains Karelia and Ingria – turning the Gulf of Finland into a Swedish lake and cutting Russia off from the Baltic. | | 27 February 1782 | America, UK [American Revolution] | The British Parliament orders a halt to British military campaigns in North America. | | 27 February 1902 | [births and deaths] | John Steinbeck, US novelist who wrote The Grapes of Wrath, born in Salinas, California (–1968). | | 27 February 1933 | Germany [law and government] | The Reichstag, seat of the German parliament, is set on fire. | | 27 February–2 March 1949 | USA [aircraft] | The US B-50 bomber Lucky Lady II is the first aeroplane to fly nonstop around the world, refuelling in midair and completing 37,734 km/23,452 mi in 94 hr 1 min. | | 27 February 1974 | Sweden [political parties] | A new constitution is introduced in Sweden, which strips the monarchy of all its remaining powers. | | 27 February 1991 | Kuwait, Iraq [Gulf War (1990–91)] | Coalition forces enter the capital Kuwait City and declare Kuwait liberated from the Iraqis. | | 27 February 1997 | UK [biology] | Scottish researcher Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, announces that British geneticists have cloned an adult sheep. A cell was taken from the udder of the mother sheep and its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) combined with an unfertilized egg that had had its DNA removed. The fused cells were grown in the laboratory and then implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother sheep. The resulting lamb, Dolly, came from an animal that was six years old. This is the first time cloning has been achieved using cells other than reproductive cells. The news is met with international calls to prevent the cloning of humans. | | 27 February 2003 | England [Protestantism] | Rowan Williams is officially enthroned as the 104th archbishop of Canterbury and head of the Anglican Church at Canterbury Cathedral, England. |
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