400
| 200–700 | Central America [statistics and demography] | The Zapotec site of Monte Albán in Central America is at its peak in this period. It may have had 30,000 or more inhabitants. It is the centre of a complex of public buildings, temples, and dwellings that cover 40 sq km/15 sq mi. |
| 400–500 | India [chess] | Shaturanga (or chaturanga), ‘the army game’, an ancestor of chess through the Persian game of shatranj (or chatrang), evolves in the Indus Valley on the Indian subcontinent. |
| c. 400 | Greece, Roman Empire [medicine] | The Graeco-Roman physician Caelius Aurelianus is practising. His De morbis acutis et chronicis/Concerning Acute and Chronic Illness, a guide to acute and chronic diseases, becomes a highly respected text in the Middle Ages. |
| c. 400 | Egypt, Eastern Roman Empire [physics] | Egyptian astronomer and mathematician Hypatia distinguishes herself as one of the first women scientists, becoming head of the Neo-Platonist school at Alexandria, and a widely consulted authority on matters of physics and mathematics. |
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