Using a national identity conceptions model as a base, links are drawn regarding the personality characteristics and emotional perceptions of leaders who impacted proliferation decisions for the nations of Australia, Argentina, the French Fourth Republic and India.

Dutton's recent study of The Origins of the Welfare State, which digs deeply into the sources on the history of mutualisme and its relationship to employers organizations and unions, an account that helps to explain distinctive features of the welfare state that took shape, as Pierre Laroque himself acknowledged, well before the momentous initiatives of the Fourth Republic.

The founders of the Fourth Republic (1958-99) struck a bargain with the armed forces: In exchange for their complete retirement from the political arena--they even surrendered the right to vote--they were given salaries, fringe benefits, and other privileges far surpassing those of other Latin American institutions.