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Gäncä| Industrial city and former capital of Azerbaijan, on a tributary of the Kura River 300 km/186 mi west of Baku; population (2006 est) 305,600. Industries in Gäncä include the manufacture of cottons, woollens, and processed foods. |
| Gäncä was founded in the 5th century. It became an important medieval commercial and cultural centre, and was subsequently seized and destroyed more than once by the Persians, Turks, and Mongols. It fell to Russia in 1804. There are a number of buildings of historical interest in the city. |
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