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Germanic languages

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Germanic languages

Branch of the Indo-European language family, divided into East Germanic (Gothic, now extinct), North Germanic (Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish), and West Germanic (Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, German, Yiddish).

The Germanic languages differ from the other Indo-European languages most prominently in the consonant shift known as Grimm's law: the sounds p, t, k became either (as in English) f, th, h or (as in Old High German) f, d, h. Thus, the typical Indo-European of the Latin pater is father in English and Fater in Old High German. In addition, the Indo-European b, d, g moved to become p, t, k (in English) or (in Old High German) f, ts, kh; compare Latin duo, English two, and German zwei (pronounced tsvai).



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The Netherlands) presents an extensive investigation of object shift in the Germanic languages within a derivation-and-evaluation framework developed by the author, in which the strengths of minimalist program and optimality theory are combined.
00), Reading The Medieval Book: Word, Image, And Performance In Wolfram Von Eschenbach's Willehalm by Kathryn Starkey (Assistant Professor, Department of Germanic Languages, University of North Carolina--Chapel Hill), examines one of the most important epic poems in 13th Century Germany and its redaction in a richly illustrated manuscript created just fifty-five years after the poem's composition.
East Germanic languages show no trace of the change, which argues strongly against its common Proto-Germanic origin.
 
 
 
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