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Great Northern War (1700–21) - events| February 1700 | Sweden, Brandenburg, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Hanover, Denmark-Norway, Saxony, Poland, Russia | Forces under Frederick I Augustus of Saxony-Poland invade Swedish Livonia (part of present-day Latvia and Estonia) and attack Riga as part of the three-pronged attack on Sweden agreed with Tsar Peter I the Great of Russia and King Frederick IV of Denmark in 1699. The attack marks the beginning of the Great Northern War between King Charles XII of Sweden and a coalition of, at various times, Hanover, Brandenburg, Denmark, Poland, and Russia. The war runs concurrently with the War of the Spanish Succession but does not merge with it. | | 18 August 1700 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway, United Netherlands, UK | Denmark's invasion of the Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp, fulfilling its 1699 treaty obligations to Saxony-Poland and Russia, prompts a Swedish invasion of Denmark and a march on the capital, Copenhagen. After intervention by the United Netherlands and Great Britain, King Charles XII of Sweden and King Frederick IV of Denmark sign the Peace of Traventhal which removes Denmark from the Great Northern War for a period of nine years, and allows the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, brother-in-law of King Charles XII of Sweden, to build fortifications and to maintain a standing army. | | 1 January 1704 | Poland, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Sweden | King Augustus II of Poland, known to history as Augustus the Strong, who is also the hereditary elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I and the occupant of the Polish throne supported by the anti-Swedish coalition, is deposed because of Swedish military success in Poland. | | 8 July 1709 | Russia, Sweden | Russian forces commanded by Tsar Peter I the Great defeat the army of King Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava in southern Russia, the decisive battle that finally ends Sweden's period as a great power in Europe. | | 7–14 April 1715 | Prussia, Saxony, Poland, Hanover, Denmark-Norway, Sweden, Germany, Holy Roman Empire | Prussia, Saxony, Poland, Hanover, and Denmark form an alliance against Sweden and war is declared. As part of this pact, Prussia and Denmark agree that Strausund and Rugen should become Danish in compensation for Bremen and Verdun going to Hanover. | | 11 December 1718 | Sweden, Denmark-Norway, Russia | When King Charles XII of Sweden, having renewed his attack against Norway, is killed by a musket ball through the head while besieging the fortress of Frederikshald, Norway, he is succeeded by his sister Ulrica Eleanor. The Russo-Swedish peace conference at Lövö on the Åland Islands, in the Gulf of Bothnia, is abandoned. |
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