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Gregory IX

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Gregory IX (1147-1241)

Pope from 1227. He excommunicated Frederick II for refusing to take part in the crusades, absolved him in 1230, but again excommunicated him in 1239. The emperor marched on Rome in 1241, but Gregory died before the siege began. He laid down rules for the punishment of heretics and systematized the Inquisition. He was born at Anagni, and studied at Paris and Bologna.

His letters were published as Monumenta Germaniae historica (1883).



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? Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive
 
Pope Gregory IX in 1233 was the first to establish "inquisitors," "delegates of the Apostolic See with the task of combatting heresy in certain areas.
New study corrects Inquisition's image by Catholic Insight
The second came to be known as the Corpus iuris canonici, made up of Gratian's Decretum (1140), the Liber extra of Gregory IX (1234), the Liber sextus of Boniface VIII (1298), and the Clementinae of Clement V (1314).
The Common Legal Past of Europe: 1000-1800 by Howell, Martha C. / Renaissance Quarterly
The Inquisition was begun by Pope Gregory IX in Italy in 1231.
Inquisitive about the Inquisition? by Kennedy, Leonard / Catholic Insight
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