Hanfmann, George M(axim) A(nossov) (1911–1988)

Russian-born archaeologist. His monumental text, The Seasons Sarcophagus at Dumbarton Oaks (1951), was a seminal work in the iconography of ancient sarcophagi. He was the director of the excavations at Sardis, Turkey (1958–82), and oversaw the restoration of that site's Roman bath-gymnasium-synagogue complex. Hanfmann was born in St Petersburg, Russia. After his family fled Russia in 1917, he was educated first in Lithuania and then at the University of Berlin, Germany, where he earned his doctorate in 1934. Fleeing Hitler's Germany for the USA, he taught at Harvard University (1935–82), after earning a second doctorate at Johns Hopkins University (1935).